Polyurethane bututu, a matsayin babban{0} kayan aikin polymer, ana amfani da su sosai a cikin petrochemical, mota, samar da ruwa da magudanar ruwa, da masana'antun na'urorin likitanci saboda kyakkyawan juriyar lalacewa, juriyar mai, juriyar lalata sinadarai, da sassauci mai kyau.Ingantaccen tsarin gyare-gyaren sa kai tsaye yana shafar kaddarorin injina, daidaiton girma, da rayuwar sabis na samfurin. Don haka, a cikin - zurfafa bincike kan tsarin gyare-gyaren bututun polyurethane yana da fa'idodi masu amfani na injiniya.
Asalin Halaye da Buƙatun Molding na Bututun Polyurethane
Polyurethane (PU) abu ne na polymer wanda aka samar ta hanyar polymerization na polyols da isocyanates. Dangane da rabo mai laushi zuwa sassa masu wuya, ana iya raba shi zuwa polyurethane thermoplastic (TPU) da kuma jefa polyurethane (CPU). Yawanci ana samar da bututun polyurethane ta hanyar yin simintin gyaran kafa. Tsarin gyare-gyaren yana buƙatar kulawa mai ƙarfi na ma'auni na albarkatun ƙasa, zafin jiki, ƙirar ƙira, da yanayin aiki don tabbatar da yawan bututun, ƙarfi, da ƙarewar saman.
Babban buƙatun gyare-gyare don bututun polyurethane sun haɗa da:
1. Raw kayan pretreatment: Polyols da isocyanates dole ne a hade sosai a wani takamaiman zafin jiki don kauce wa saura iska kumfa;
2. Gudanar da amsawa: Maganin warkarwa na polyurethane yana fitar da babban adadin zafi, yana buƙatar inganta yanayin zafin jiki da kuma zubar da sauri don hana zafi mai zafi da fashewa;
3. Gyarawa da post{1}magani: Bututun da aka ƙera suna buƙatar daidaitaccen matsayi{2}}ƙara ko sanyaya don inganta kwanciyar hankali.
Babban Hanyoyin gyare-gyare don Bututun Polyurethane
1. Tsarin Gyaran Halitta
Yin gyare-gyaren simintin gyare-gyare shine tsarin samarwa da aka fi amfani dashi don bututun polyurethane. Babban matakansa sun haɗa da:
• Raw Material Mixing: The prepolymer (isocyanate bangaren) da sarkar extender (polyol bangaren) an hade a cikin wani takamaiman rabo, da kuma iska kumfa an cire a lokacin hadawa tsari ta amfani da injin degassing.
• Shirye-shiryen Mold: Ana buƙatar ƙirar da za a yi zafi zuwa zafin jiki mai dacewa (yawanci 60 ~ 80 digiri), kuma ana amfani da wakili na saki don rage danko.
• Simintin gyare-gyare da waraka: Ana allurar dayan kayan da aka gauraya a cikin kwandon kuma ana warkewa a ƙarƙashin wani matsi (yawanci na yanayi ko ƙananan matsa lamba). Lokacin warkewa ya dogara da diamita na bututu da kaurin bango, gabaɗaya daga mintuna da yawa zuwa dubun mintuna.
• Yin gyare-gyare: Bayan bututun ya warke gaba ɗaya, ana rushe shi kuma a gyara shi.
Wannan tsari ya dace da ƙanana{0}} batch, da yawa{1} iri iri, musamman don kera bututun polyurethane tare da hadaddun sifofi.
2. Tsarin gyare-gyaren Extrusion
Don yawan samar da bututu madaidaiciya ko sassauƙan bututun polyurethane, ana iya amfani da gyare-gyaren extrusion. Tsarin ya haɗa da:
• Raw kayan narkewa: Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) granules ana zafi da narke ta amfani da dunƙule extruder;
• Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa ) Ana Ƙarfafawa ta Ƙaƙƙarfan Mutuwa don samar da tsarin tubular ci gaba;
• Yin sanyaya da siffa: Bututun da aka fitar yana da sauri sanyaya ta ruwa ko sanyaya iska, sannan a shimfiɗa shi kuma a yanke shi zuwa tsayin da ake buƙata ta na'ura.
Extrusion yana da inganci sosai kuma ya dace don samar da daidaitattun bututun polyurethane, amma yana ba da ƙarancin sassauci a tsarin samfur.
3. Tsari Tsarin Injection Molding (RIM).
Don manyan bututun polyurethane mai ƙarfi ko babba, ana iya amfani da gyare-gyaren allura. Wannan tsari ya ƙunshi adana polyols da isocyanates daban a cikin manyan silinda mai ƙarfi{2}, haɗa su cikin babban sauri a ƙarƙashin babban matsi, sannan a yi musu allurar a cikin mold. Cakuda yana amsawa kuma yana ƙarfafa don samar da siffa ta ƙarshe. RIM ya dace da bututu mai kauri{5}} kuma yana fasalta gajeriyar zagayowar gyare-gyare da babban ƙarfin samfur.
Mabuɗin Abubuwan Da Suka Shafi Tsarin Gyaran Halitta
1. Raw Material Ratio: Ma'anar isocyanate (NCO / OH rabo) kai tsaye yana rinjayar giciye da yawa na polyurethane, don haka rinjayar taurin da elasticity na bututu.
2. Zazzabi Control: Wuce kima high mold zafin jiki na iya haifar da saura kumfa ko surface lahani, yayin da wuce kima low zafin jiki tsawaita curing lokaci.
3. Mold Design: Tsarin mai gudu mai dacewa da tsarin iska zai iya rage lahani da inganta daidaiton samfurin.
4. Post{1}}magani: Wasu bututun polyurethane suna buƙatar post{2} vulcanization (kamar bututun CPU) don haɓaka juriyar zafi da abubuwan injina.
Zaɓin tsarin gyare-gyare don bututun polyurethane yana buƙatar cikakken la'akari da bukatun aikin samfur, sikelin samarwa, da abubuwan farashi. Simintin gyare-gyare ya dace da babban{1}}daidaici, hadaddun{2} bututun tsari, extrusion ya dace da manyan masana'anta-, yayin da RIM (Reverse Molding Injection) yana da fa'ida wajen kera manyan bututun- sikeli, masu girma{{5}. A nan gaba, tare da haɓaka fasahar gyare-gyaren kayan abu na polyurethane, za a ƙara inganta hanyoyin gyare-gyare don saduwa da ƙarin buƙatun aikace-aikacen masana'antu.
